ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ
book
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07.01 ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—. - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืก591,000ืฉื— ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 08.01 ื™ืขืœ ื”' - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกืš 417,000 โ‚ช ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 09.01 ืชื™ืžื•ืจ ืง' - ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš383,000 โ‚ช
07.01 ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—. - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืก591,000ืฉื— ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 08.01 ื™ืขืœ ื”' - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกืš 417,000 โ‚ช ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 09.01 ืชื™ืžื•ืจ ืง' - ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš383,000 โ‚ช
ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื?
ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืฆื‘ืจื• ื™ื“ืข ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 10 ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช. ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืฆื‘ืจืชื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื—ืกืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช!
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืขื“ 85% ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก
ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื ื
ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขื“ 24 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
ืคืจื™ืกื” ืขื“ 40 ืฉื ื”
ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื
ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœ BDI ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื•ืžืกื•ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ืงื™ื
ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื”
ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื‘ื ืง. ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื ืง ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ืกื’ืจ ืขื ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื‘ื ืง. ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื‘ื ืง ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช. ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื. ืื ื• ื ื ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”"ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื•ืชื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืžื›ื.
ื‘ื ืง
ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ
ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžืฆื™ืข ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื•, ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช.
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืœื”ืชืืžืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
ืชื ืื™ื
ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžืชืื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื
ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืงื ืกื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, "ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื— ืžื™ื“.
ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื
ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ื‘ื ืง
ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื
ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžืฆื™ืข ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื•, ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช.
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืœื”ืชืืžืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
ืชื ืื™ื
ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžืชืื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื
ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืงื ืกื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, "ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื— ืžื™ื“.
ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื
ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืจื”?

ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื. ืจื›ืฉืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ืจื”? ื‘ืฉืขื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”! ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ืง, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ืŸื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
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ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืœื

ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืœื•ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืฉื‘ ืจื‘ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื.

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ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื”

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช? ืœื ืฉื™ืœืžืช!

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ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื”

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื™ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

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ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ

ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื–ื• ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืชื™ืฉื” ืœืืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืœื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืคืฉืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช, ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืงืจ.

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ืืชื›ื ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื

ืจืง ื‘"ืงืจืงืข"! ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืื™ืชื›ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื•ื™ืขื“ื›ื ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.

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ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื•ืช

ืืฆืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื ืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ื•ื”"ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื.

ืฉืœื‘ื™ื
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ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™
ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ืคื™ื ื ืกื™
ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืื™ืฉื™
ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
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ืžื›ืจื– ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
ืžื›ืจื– ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
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ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืœื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื•ื ื—ืกื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืขื“ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.
ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ?
ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
ื‘ื ื™ 60+
ืžืกื•ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื ืงื™ื
ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื
ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ืก ื ื•ืกืฃ

ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช?

ืฉืœื—
ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช
ื‘ื ืง ืื’ื•ื“
ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
ื‘ื ืง ื™ื”ื‘
ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ
ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
ืžื”ื ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”?
ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื‘ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช?
ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”?
ื”ืื ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช?

ืœืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ

ื ื’ืŸ ืื•ื“ื™ื•

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœื ื ื— ืœืจื’ืข ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžื”ื ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”? ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืœ kar-ka ื“ืื’ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”.

ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”?

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืื– ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื” ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื›ืก ื•ืžืžืฉื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืื• ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืŸ.

ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืœื•ื•ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื ื›ืก ืžืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื ืจื›ืฉ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืžืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก ื ื”ื ื” ืžื ื›ืก ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื•ื ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืจื•ื›ืฉ ื ื›ืก ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ืœืœื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื•ืœืžื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™? ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื ืœืงื—ืช ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื.

ืžื” ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”?

ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื•ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืืš ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžื–ื”ื” ืžืชื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ "ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ" ืœื”ื ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจโ€ฆ ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

ืœืžื” ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง?

ืืžื ื, ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืฃ ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื ืง. ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื• ื’ืž"ื—. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืง ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืชืžื•ืจืชโ€ฆ ื›ืกืฃ! ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœื™ื•. ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื”.

ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“?

ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืžืฆ'ื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื™ืง ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื”. ื›ืš ืฉืืžื ื ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืืžืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืืš ืืชื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“โ€ฆ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืืชื ืื•ืžื ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืืš ืืชื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืชืืžื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืžื•ืชืื, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืžืžืŸ ืœื”ื•ื–ืœืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ.

ืื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™?

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ: ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืื™ืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื›ื•'. ืžืฆืืชื ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื”? ืืœ ืชื—ืชืžื• ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”. ื›ืœ ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื“.ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื™ืฉืœื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืžืงื—ื•ืช ืขื ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฆืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง. ืื ื”ื›ืœ "ื™ื“ืคื•ืง" ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ืื—ืจืช, ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืชืงืฃ ืœ-24 ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืœื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื. ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื‘ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื.

ืžื” ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”?

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง. ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื:
ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžืกืคืงืช โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื–ืืช ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช, ื”ื•"ืง ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื. ืจืง ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ 40% ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื”, ืืš ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืคื•ื—ืชื™ื.

ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืืฉืจืื™ โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืืฉืจืื™, ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืืฉืจืื™. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงืคื˜ืŸ ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืจื’ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืš. ื™ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืžื•ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืœื•ื•ื” ื›ื–ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื ื.

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ โ€“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ 25% ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืื• ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืกืคืง, ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื™ืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ื—ื‘ืœ. ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืงื•ื‘. ืžื” ื’ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื?

ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืคืกื™ื“. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“.
ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื” (ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืง).ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืื™ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก (ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืœื›ื ื›-700 โ‚ช ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ื ืง). ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ืก, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ (ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืง, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 5,000 โ‚ช ื•ืžืขืœื”).

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืขืœื•ืชื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ืื ืจื›ืฉืชื ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืœ 1,800,000 โ‚ช, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉืœื ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืฉืœื›ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื ืขื–ืจืชื ื‘ืžืชื•ื•ืš, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.

ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื, ื ื•, ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืคื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืœืคื” ืœื ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœื™. ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืงืœ ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืœืœื ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžืกืคืง ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืงืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืฆื“ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.

ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”?

ื›ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืืชื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื ืง ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืžืงื— ืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื•ืงโ€ฆ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืืžืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืœื•ื•ื” ืื—ื“ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ืชืื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง: ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™? ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืคืš? ื”ืื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืื• ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ืขื ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื™ืจื”? ืœื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืชืจืฆื• ืœืคืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” (ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืก ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ืฉื ื”)? ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”?
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื•ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.

ืื™ืœื• ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื?

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื.
ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ืื• ืœื.
ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื™ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.

ืœืื—ืจ ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื” ืœื—ื•ืง, ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืชืžื”ื™ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื–ื”ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ืœืฆื“ ืกืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืื—ื™ื“, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืชื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืกืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื—ื™ื“, ืืœื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืฉืงืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.

ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื:
ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ (ืงืœ"ืฆ) โ€“ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืœื ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ืง ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉืชืœื ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ โ€“ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื’ื ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ืื•โ€ฆ ืืš ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืขืฆืžื” ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืžื™ื˜ ืืกื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” -ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžืจืืฉ (3 / 5 ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื) ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื“ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ืช, ืืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืœืœื ืงื ืก ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื.

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื™ื™ื โ€“ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ () ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ื’ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื (1.5%). ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžืืžื™ืจื” ืœืื—ืจ 8 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ 15 ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”.

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื›ืื•ืช โ€“ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ื›ืื•ืช. ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ 1000 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช. ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืœื ืžืงื ื” ื–ื›ืื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืฆืขืช ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“. ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื• ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-3% ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฉืชืœื. ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“.

ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื”:
1. ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื ื” 250ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืชื–ื›ื” ืืชื›ื ื‘-50 ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
2. ืื—ื™ื ื•ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ื–ื›ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘-50 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื— ืื• ืื—ื•ืช.
3. ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื โ€“ 360 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
4. ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืชืงื‘ืœื• 350 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชืงื‘ืœื• 150 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื™ืœื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืงืœืœ ืจืง 4 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ.

ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื˜"ื— โ€“ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื˜"ื— (ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ), ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืขืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืืœื• ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื–ื”.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘?

ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœื›ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื:
ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ื›ืœื•ื•ื™ื. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืฃ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื•ืงื— ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉืืชื ืื›ืŸ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.

ื•ื•ืชืงโ€“ ืคื ื• ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื•ืชืง ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื ืง "ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื" ืžื” ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื•ืชืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื•ืขื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจื–ื•ืžื” ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช, ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.

ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ืืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื“ ื•ืจื’ืœ. ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืืชื ืื›ืŸ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื.

ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืจืจื• ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืคืฉื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช. ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืื• ื“ื™ืกโ€ฆ ื’ื ืืชืจื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ.

ืžื—ื™ืจ โ€“ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ืฉื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื›ื. ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื•ืง.

ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช. ื—ืคืฉื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ. ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืฆืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ืขื ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชโ€ฆ

ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™ โ€“ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืชื ื• ืœื” ืžืงื•ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืขื ื›ื ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื“ื™.

 

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš:

  •       ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื โ€“ ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืžื” ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
  •       ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื›ื ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ โ€“ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื“ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื–ื›ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
  •       ืœืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  •       ื”ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ืืœ ืชืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื•! ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืžื” ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช.
  •       ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช โ€“ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”.

 

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš:

  •       ืืกืคื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื โ€“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื“ื•"ื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง ื•ืขื•ื“.
  •       ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
  •       ืžืฉืื• ื•ืžืชื ื• ืขื ื”ื‘ื ืง โ€“ ืืœ ืชื”ืกืกื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžืš ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  •       ืงืจืื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” โ€“ ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื•ืฉื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง.

 

ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืš ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ืœื•ื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืื™ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžืš.

ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ืง ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื• ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื.

 

ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื›ื

ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื›ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืชื“ืขื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžืžืฉ ืื•ืชืŸ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืชื ืื™ื ื›ื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืžืžื ื• ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืชื ืื™ื. ื–ื›ื•ืชื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ, ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื›ื•ืชื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.

ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื›ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ื“ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืœื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช.

ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื›ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื›ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™.

 

ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื›ื? ืืœ ื“ืื’ื”! ืื ื• ืžืชืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื ืงืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื. ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื“ืื’ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ืคื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื–ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื›ืืŸ ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืชืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื. ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”!

ืงืจื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกืชืจ

ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช?

ืฉืœื—
ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื•? ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ