ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ
book
โœ–
07.01 ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—. - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืก591,000ืฉื— ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 08.01 ื™ืขืœ ื”' - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกืš 417,000 โ‚ช ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 09.01 ืชื™ืžื•ืจ ืง' - ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš383,000 โ‚ช
07.01 ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—. - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืก591,000ืฉื— ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 08.01 ื™ืขืœ ื”' - ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกืš 417,000 โ‚ช ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. 09.01 ืชื™ืžื•ืจ ืง' - ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืœื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกืš383,000 โ‚ช
ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืจื”?
ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ื™ืœืื™ +60 ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
paint
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ 60% ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžืขืจืš ื”ื“ื™ืจื”
ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื
ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื? ืชื™ืืžื• ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื ื
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืœืœื ืขืžืœืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื
ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื’ื ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื
ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื
ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื”
ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคื ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื‘ื ืง. ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื ืง ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ืกื’ืจ ืขื ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื‘ื ืง. ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื‘ื ืง ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช. ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื. ืื ื• ื ื ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”"ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืื•ืชื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื™ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืžื›ื.
ื‘ื ืง
ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ
ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžืฆื™ืข ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื•, ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช.
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืœื”ืชืืžืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
ืชื ืื™ื
ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžืชืื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื
ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืงื ืกื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, "ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื— ืžื™ื“.
ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื
ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ื‘ื ืง
ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ Kar-ka
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื
ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžืฆื™ืข ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื•, ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ.
ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช.
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืœื”ืชืืžืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื.
ืชื ืื™ื
ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžืชืื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื
ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืงื ืกื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, "ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื— ืžื™ื“.
ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื
ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื
ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืžืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช.
ื™ื•ืขืฅ Kar-ka ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื.
ื’ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื™ื, ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื” ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›-20%, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›-300 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—, ืžื ื’ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื™ื ืขืœืชื” ืœ- 5.25%, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืขืœื• ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืืœืคื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื‘ 2022 ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขืœื” ื‘ 8.2%, ื“ืœืง, ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘-25%, ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื– ืื ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื—ื•ื ืง ืืชื›ื ื•ืืชื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืืคืกื™ื™ื, ืืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ื ื›ืก.

ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
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ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืœื

ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืœื•ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืฉื‘ ืจื‘ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื›ื.

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ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื”

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช? ืœื ืฉื™ืœืžืช!

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ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื”

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื™ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

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ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ

ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื–ื• ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืชื™ืฉื” ืœืืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืœื ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืคืฉืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช, ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืงืจ.

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ืืชื›ื ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื

ืจืง ื‘"ืงืจืงืข"! ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืื™ืชื›ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื•ื™ืขื“ื›ื ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.

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ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื•ืช

ืืฆืœื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืžืœื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืื• ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื ืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ื•ืื ืกื™ื ื•ื”"ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื.

ืฉืœื‘ื™ื
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ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™- ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื—ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื™ืง ืคื™ื ื ืกื™- ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ.
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ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ- ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืืกืฃ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
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ืžื›ืจื– ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช- ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื›ืจื– ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.
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ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืœื ืžื•ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ- ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื•ื ื—ืกื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช.
ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ?
ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื‘ื ื™ 60 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ื”ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื“ื™ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื›ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืœื•ื•ื”
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื’ื ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ืฉื›ืจ, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžืœื ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉืืจื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”
ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืงืจืŸ ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืืชื ืื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื›ื ืœื ืชื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ื•ืœืœื ืงื ืกื•ืช ื•ืขืžืœืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื

ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช?

ืฉืœื—
ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื
ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื•ืช
ื‘ื ืง ืื’ื•ื“
ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
ื‘ื ืง ื™ื”ื‘
ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ
ื‘ื ืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื ื›ืก ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคืขื™ืœื”?
ื”ืื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช?
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?
ืœืื™ืœื• ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ื–ื•?
ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ื ื’ืŸ ืื•ื“ื™ื•

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”. ืื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืืจื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”? ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืืŸ ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื ื’ืฉ ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘Kar-ka. ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื™ืชื ื•.

ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื—ืช, ืœืจื•ื’ืข, ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื’ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”.

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืชืžื•ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื ื›ืก. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื–ื• ื ืœืงื—ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื ืจืฉืžืช ื”ืขืจืช ืื–ื”ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก. ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืคื•ืš. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฉืžืขื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ื ืก ื•ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื™ืืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘).

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื ื›ืก ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 60, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืฉืœื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืžืžืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ืจืชื• ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 50% ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก. ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื. ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”, ื‘ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืžื•ืช ืงืฆื‘ืช ืคื ืกื™ื”, ืื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžืฉื•ืœืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืคืœื ื˜ื” ืื—ืจืช.

ืžื™ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืืš ื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื.

ืืžื ื, ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”, ืืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืฉืงืœืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื–ื•. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืœื ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.

ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื:

  1. ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”.
  2. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ืก ืฉืœ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž- 800 ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื—
  3. ื ื›ืก ืœื ืžืขื•ืงืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื.
  4. ื”ื ื›ืก ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื.
  5. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”.
  6. ืื—ื•ื– ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 15% ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.

ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื?

ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ืจื™ ืžืขืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื”. ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืจื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื—ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœื ื›ื“ื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืช, ืœืคื ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื•, ืคื•ืชื—ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.

ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช?

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 15 ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืœื ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื•ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘-15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื‘ื” ืœื ืชืฉืœืžื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื• ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ืชืฉืœืžื• ืจืง ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ ืขื“ ืชืงืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืื–ืŸ ื•ืžืงืจืŸ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื™ืจื“ ืจืง ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื.

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืžืœื (ื‘ื• ืœื ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืฉืœื ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช) ืขื“ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 7.5 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœ-15 ืฉื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ ืžืงืฆื‘ืช ืคื ืกื™ื” ื–ืขื•ืžื”.

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช โ€“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช

ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.  ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื ื›ืก ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 15-20 ืฉื ื”.

ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื

ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืจืืฉ. ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•"ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื.  ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช, ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ, ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.

 ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.  ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื? ืฉืœื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™, ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื’ืžื™ืฉ.

ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืชืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช โ€“ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจื•ืข ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ ืื• ื›ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ.

ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช. ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืคืจืขืช ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ื”ื ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื•ื ื”ืคื˜ื™ืจื”. ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ื˜ืคืœื• ื‘ื”, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื™ืžืžืฉ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“, ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื•. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžืจืืฉ ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ืžืื—ืœื™ื ืœื›ื ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืจื•ื‘, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืœื ืขืžืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื•ื•ื“ืื• ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.

ืžื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืื•ื‘ื”. ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ. ื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืžื•ืชื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืกื“ ืขื ืืฃ ืงืฉื™ืฉ. ื”ื•ื ืขืกืง ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืžื•ืขื“ ืคื™ืจืขื•ื ื”, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 0.5 ืœ-1.5 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืขืœ ืœืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืงืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืชืžื•ืจืชื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืฆืžื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ.

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืืฉืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื "ืžื•ื›ืŸ" ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืชโ€ฆ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”.

ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืืš ื”ืงืจืŸ ืขืฆืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื” ืœืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ. ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ, ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืงืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื:

ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื’ื ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื•ืจืฃ.
ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืฉืชืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื•ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื ืฉืขื ืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”?

ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื’ื™ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉื™ืื•ืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืžืžืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 15 ืœ-50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ 1,800,000 โ‚ช.

ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืื• ืœื“ื•"ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื•. ืœื”ืคืš, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช. ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.

ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช:

ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช  โ€“ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืชืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
ื“ืžื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื™ืง  โ€“ ืขืžืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื.
ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืžืื™ โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžื•ื“ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก.
ืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ โ€“ ืืฉืจ ื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ.
ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื“ื™ืจื” โ€“ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื ื›ืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ืžืคื ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช โ€“ ืืฉืจ ื™ื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืœืœื•ื•ื”.

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื”?

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื ืœืงื—ืช ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืงืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืง. ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืงืข ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืคืจื™ืกื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 30 ืฉื ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืœื ื”ื’ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืจืข ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 35 ืฉื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”โ€ฆ

ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืœื ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืคื ื™ ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ืœื”ืคืš, ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื• ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”โ€ฆ

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžื•ื—ื–ืจืช ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื”, ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉืœื•.  ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืจืฆื• ืœืคืจื•ืข ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืชื’ืœื• ื›ื™ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขืžืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขืžืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืœืง ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ.

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื”. ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื ื›ืก ืžืฉื•ืขื“ ื•ืžื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืื—ืจืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืืฃ ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื‘ื ืง.

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”.

ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื ืงื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”

ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืืŸ ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื. ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืžืžื ื•.

  1. ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืงืจื”
    ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื ืคืจืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืขืฆืžื•. ืืš ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ืœ ืขื ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื“ื“ ื•ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืชื•ืคื—ืช.
  2. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื
    ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ืœืงื, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืจื’ื™ืฉ. ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœืขื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืจืฆื• ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ืš. ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
  3. ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื”
    ื”ืœื•ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืœืงื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื™ืงืจ, ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื’ืฉืชื” ืœื ื›ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืœื ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื? ื”ื ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื›ื–ื• ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœื•, ื”ื ื™ืคืจืขื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื, ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ืขื“ ืœืจื’ืข ื”ืคื˜ื™ืจื”โ€ฆ
  4. ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
    ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื›ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืงืฉื”.
  5. ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืก
    ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืฉืžืฆื™ืœื” ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืจืคืช ืจืขื‘. ืœื ืœื›ืœ ืงืฉื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœืžื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืืช ื“ื™ืจืชื• ื•ืื“ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื›ืก ืฉืœื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืก. ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืก. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืืžื ื ืœื ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืžื›ืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชืคื ื• ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉื™ื—ืคืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.

ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”?

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”:

  •       ื’ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ืก ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ: ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ืžืœืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื, ืืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืจื”. ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื ืžืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
  •       ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื: ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื”  ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืœืœืงื•ื—, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืื• ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืœืœืงื•ื—. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื, ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืื• ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช.
  •       ืืœืžื ื™ื/ื•ืช: ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืœืžื ื™ื/ื•ืช ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื‘ืŸ/ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื•ื’. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืœืžืžืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื.
  •       ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก: ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื’ื ืื ืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก ื™ื•ืจื“. ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืฃ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ืื ื–ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื, ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืขื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ:

  •       ื’ื™ืœ: ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœ ืžืชืงื“ื, ื›ืš ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.
  •       ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก: ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืš.
  •       ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™: ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื™ืจื•ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.
  •       ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™: ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืžืœืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.

 

ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข: ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”

ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข, ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.

ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืชื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื•ืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืœืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื”:

  •       ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™: ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.
  •       ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉื™: ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืืชื›ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ื™ืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืžืขื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืœื”.
  •       ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช: ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืชืคืขืœ ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื•ืชืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช.
  •       ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื™ืŸ: ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.

ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืขื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.

ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจืช Kar-ka ืžืฆื™ืขื”?

ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื”. ืืฆืœ Kar-ka ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื ื”ืœื• ืื™ืชื›ื ืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื” ื™ืžื•ืคื• ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื—ืคืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื. ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืืœ ืžื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื•ืžืžื™ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจโ€ฆ

ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ืคื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืช Kar-ka. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืœืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ืื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช, ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžืฆื™ืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื—ืจืคืช ืจืขื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืœื•ื— ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื ื–ืง ื‘ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™. ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื ืœื ื”ืื“ื ืฉืขืžืœ ืขืœื™ื•? ืœืžืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืคืฉื• ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื™ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืคื ื• ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชื ืžื•ืžื—ื”. ืืœ ืชื•ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชืฉืœืžื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืงืจ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืื—ืจืช.

ืคืชื— ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืกื’ื•ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜

ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช?

ืฉืœื—
chat_ava
ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื•? ืœื—ืฆื• ื›ืืŸ